Vocabulary 2

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Still Thanks goes to Gonijn

DPSC:
DPSC is short for Digital Pirate Satellite Card. These cards are sold with
working keys. Prices can be up to several hundreds of Euros for multi
provider cards. Usually these cards contain a sort of timing routine which
ensures that the cards are disabled after a certain period of use. But these
cards will also be closed by provider attacks through the use of ECM's.

DVB:
DVB is short for Digital Video Broadcasting, or digital satellite TV.(DVBs)

ECM:
ECM is short for Electronic Control Message. These are commands which are
used to control the working of your card. ECM's are always sent as packets.
Such a packet is called a Control Word (CW) and it contains coded keys, ID's
etc. needed to decode the signal. In other words, the ECM identifies the
service and the conditions that have to be met in order to use that service.
Providers will also use fake ECM's to disable pirate cards. That is why a
lot of people translate ECM as Electronic Counter Measure.

EMM:
EMM is short for Entitlement Management Messages. EMM's are composed of the
information, contained in the SAS and will always be sent together with the
ECM. EMM's contain information about the subscriber and the status of the
subscription. They are used to transfer information about authorization, but
they will also carry new keys, or modify or delete existing keys.

File set:
A file set is a complete package of software and keys, needed to program a
smart card. How the file set is composed, is dependent on the type of card
it is made for. For PIC cards, a file set contains 2 files (the PIC file and
the eeprom file). For AVR type cards like the Fun- and Jupiter cards, the
file set contains 2 or 3 files (a flash file for the processor, an external
eeprom file and sometimes an internal eeprom file).

Firmware:
The firmware is the operating system software for the receiver

Hexserial:
A 3 byte hexadecimal number which is used by the provider to address the
smart card.

Hexmasterkey:
A 10 byte long hexadecimal number which is coded with the hexserial. The
hexmasterkey is just a code which is used by the smart card to calculate the
plainmasterkey from the masterkey. Without the hexmasterkey it is not
possible to correctly update the plainmasterkey.

Impulse Pay Per View:
Impulse pay per view or interactive pay per view (ippv) is an extension of
ordinary ppv. You no longer will be charged for a total event, but instead
you are charged for the time you spent using the service.

Instructions:
Seca uses so called instruction bytes (INS) in order to communicate between
CAM and smart card. These instructions are used for instance to request
card- and provider data, authorization, ECM's and EMM's etc.

Irdeto:
A organization, founded by Ir. den Toonder (hence the name). This
organization develops systems for secure data distribution like ppv (pay per
view) and ippv (impulse pay per view).
The most well known providers that use Irdeto for their transmissions, are
Premiere World, Canal +, Stream and Nova.

Countrycode:
A 3 digit code, used to inform the CAM/receiver which group of channels
should be validated.

Logging:
The process of recording the information contained in the data stream
between CAM and smart card. The data stream contains, among others, the keys
that are used by the provider to manipulate the card.

Masterkey & Plainmasterkey:
The coded, respectively uncoded 8 byte key, used to trigger certain card
functions like "opening" the card.
The Masterkey can be calculated from the sum of the hexserial and the
provider group.
So the mathematical formula is simply: hexserial + provider group =
masterkey.
The Masterkey is also sometimes referred to as Key00. Whenever the Masterkey
is written to the card, that is done uncoded (the plainmasterkey). The
plainmasterkey is necessary for further processing of the key- and channel
information.

MOSC:
Modified Original Smart Card. These are the original provider supplied smart
cards.

MPEG:
MPEG is short for Moving Pictures Expert Group.
This is the organization that developed the MPEG standard.
MPEG comes in several versions:
- MPEG-1, mainly used for Video CD and MP3
- MPEG-2, the standard in digital TV, DVD and set top boxes
- MPEG-4, the multi media standard for the web

Multicrypt:
Multicrypt receivers are universal receivers that utilize common interfaces
to serve as a carrier for separate CAM's. Multicrypt receivers have been
developed under pressure of the market. Their flexibility lies in the
possibility to host several CAM's, thus enabling them to accommodate
multiple coding systems.

Pay Per View:
Pay Per View (ppv) as the name implies, is a technique, used to charge a
viewer only for the program he/she watches. So with ppv, whenever you want
to watch a movie or sport match, you will pay for that program only.

PPUA:
The PPUA or Program Provider User Address is a 4 byte long code, composed of
2 separate codes. The first 3 bytes of the PPUA are called the Shared
Address, the last byte of the PPUA is the Customer Word Pointer. The PPUA is
used to identify and address cards.

Provider Group & Provider ID:
A 3 byte hexadecimal number to identify a card. The first 2 bytes identify
the Provider Group, the 3rd byte is the Provider ID and is either 00 or 10.
So only 2 different ID's are used. Most providers are addressed using
Provider ID 00. One exception is German Provider Premiere World who uses
Provider ID 10.

SAS:
SAS means subscriber authorization system. The SAS translates the subscriber
information into EMM's. Also the SAS ensures that the necessary
authorization is available to view a certain channel or program.

SECA:
Société Européenne de Contrōle d'Accčs (SECA), see Aston Seca.

Shared Address:
The Shared Address (SA) are the first 3 bytes of the PPUA and is used to
address cards groupwise. A card group can contain a maximum of 256
individual cards.

Signature:
The signature (the authentication code) is a 5 byte hexadecimal code and is
used to secure the data stream. The signature is a kind of checksum control
for the data stream.

Smart card:
A Chipcard containing a processor and some memory. The memory on the card can
be altered either by software on a PC and using a programmer as an interface
to the card, or it can be altered by the CAM/receiver by means of
instructions which are contained in the data stream of the satellite signal.

SMS:
SMS or subscriber management system. The SMS is a subsystem of the CA. It
manages the information about a subscriber and requests EMM's from the SAS.